Survival Skills

At mid-day, this adult Barred Owl was wide awake with an unobstructed view of Arboretum Drive. Generally, owls sleep during the day. At noon they are often hidden deep inside the shadows and foliage of a Western Red Cedar. 

This owl was out in the open and surprisingly alert. Curiously, it did not appear to be hunting. My friend, Carlene, had mentioned seeing a young owl in the area. So, after taking a few photos, I left the puzzling owl behind and moved on.

Sure enough, in the nearby shadows of Sequoias, a young owl noticed my arrival. It bobbed its head around in the exaggerated fashion of youth - apparently calculating the distance between us - adults do a similar maneuver but it is almost imperceptible. The youthful behavior and all the fluffy white down clearly indicated its lack of maturity. 

I stood quietly. The young owl's interest declined. I suspect it is one of the two young documented in the June 14th post - two weeks ago. 

It resumed the removal of down.

After a while, it began stretching and moving about inside the grove. The bare inner branches resemble a Jungle Gym for young owls. It is interesting to notice the occasional pure white feathers highlighted against the beige and brown.

I read somewhere that young owls retain the light beige stripes in their tail feathers for the first year. The implication being that by the second year the off-white coloring in the tail is replaced with white. Later, in the post, you will see an adult example that makes me question this logic.

The young owl's increased activity showed off its 'pantaloons'.

The fluffy 'leggings' must help retain heat but as the weather warms up that becomes a somewhat questionable benefit. In any case, they certainly give the young owl a comical and immature look.

Occasionally, it exhibited flashes of focus. Similar to way adults behave when hunting. I did not think much of it. 

I was startled to see how much its tail feathers had grown. If we assume the young owl is about two months old then it has been out of the nest for about a month. From previous sightings, I assume they leave the nest without visible tail feathers. If the tail feathers in this photo are approximately eight inches long then they would have grown at a rate of nearly 2 inches a week. I have made multiple assumptions, so the true rate may vary considerably. However, there is no doubt that their tail feathers grow fast.

Similar to Cooper's Hawks, the tail feathers must enable the owls to make tight turns between the branches, trunks, and foliage of the inner canopy. For a predator who makes its living catching smaller creatures, sharp turns are critical.

Finally, after circling around inside the grove and the young owl perched on the fence. It was close to the ground and fairly close to the adult. I would not have been surprised to see the adult bring it food.

This photo shows another example of the young owl's intense focus. I was too distracted to really take notice at the time. While this was transpiring, the first adult moved closer, I spotted the second young owl high overhead and the second adult flew into the grove while being escorted by a highly, aggressive crow.

The second adult owl with beige stripes on its tail feathers. Reproducing adults are said to be at least two years old. At this point, the beige stripes in the tail feathers should have turned white. Something does not add up.

However, the movement of the first adult, from its original position, between Arboretum Drive and the young owls, suddenly made sense. I suspect it was on guard duty, watching the young owls while the mate was out hunting. Sadly, the mate returned 'empty-handed'.

Despite their exceptional skills, the owls do not always find food. Their special predatory adaptations include excellent eyesight (including low-light vision), pinpoint hearing, and wings which allow virtually silent flight. Plus, they can eat small prey whole and simply cough up a ball of indigestible bones, feathers, or fur.

I overlooked and underestimated the young owl on the fence. When I turned back it had food. Immediately, I began to wonder what it was eating. It took a while for me to realize that the young owl most likely caught the food all on its own. 

The young owl carried its meal up to a broad moss-covered branch, which provided a stable 'table' and a higher level of safety. 

However, the tree was closer to Arboretum Drive and ultimately the young owl decided to move a little further away. It finished the food deeper in the shadows of the grove.

From when I first saw it, with the partially eaten prey, until the food totally disappeared was over fifteen minutes. The young owl struggled with the process. I don't think it fully understood how to use its bill. Ultimately, it tried to swallow the bulk of the body whole. At that moment, I was afraid it might choke. Fortunately, it did not.

Locally, I believe Barred Owls eat primarily rats, rabbits, and squirrels. It is kind of ironic that Barred Owls originated in the eastern part of North America as did the Eastern Cottontails and the Eastern Gray Squirrels. The majority of our rats are from Norway. All four species had help from humanity (intentional or not) to reach this area. None of them are natives of the Pacific Northwest. Our local ecosystem is a curious conglomerate of creatures.

When I noticed movement out the corner of my eye I glanced back toward the fence. This time one of the adults was on the fence. What I saw, was the flash as it went to the ground. It promptly returned to the fence with food.

It took just six minutes for the adult to consume its prey. Experience counts. It actually parsed out many small mouthfuls and ended up swallowing a much more manageable final portion, as compared to the youngster. During the process, the second adult moved to the fence. Quickly, it jumped to the ground and came up with a third prey item.

The second adult carried its catch up near the second, more sedentary young owl and shared its food. I have watched owls catch prey before but never like this. Three catches in less than 30 minutes and all four members of the family fed. 

Apparently, the first young owl located a rabbit's nest. I have read, that when young rabbits are born their mothers are unable to carry them to a safer location. The best they can do is to cover and hide the young. They must return to feed them but apparently minimize their trips to avoid detection. 

These particular young were getting fairly good-sized. I suspect they may have been starting to move around and look for food on their own. Obviously, their hearing, eyesight, and escape-speed was not up to the task of evading Barred Owls - even an inexperienced one.

A couple of days later I spotted this rabbit in the same area. To survive, among hungry owls, the Eastern Cottontails will need to up their game.

Exceptional hearing might help.

I wonder if having four ears will do the trick.

  

By the way, if you would like to see another surprise sighting don't overlook the challenge in the Going Native section below.

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Tsuloss Watch:

The young eagle in Monty and Marsha's nest continues to grow. Sometime in the next month or so, I expect Tsuloss will leave the nest. Several readers have now sent in their guess for when Tsuloss will fledge.

If you would like to play along send me your name and the date when you hope or expect Tsuloss will leave the nest. July is just around the corner!

July 1st - Barry Saver

July 2nd - Tyler Mangum

July 4th - Larry Hubbell
July 6th - Joe Clancy

July 8th - Cynthia Jones

July 9th - Lynne Kelly

July 10th - Lynn Adams

July 14th - Helen Spiro

July 15th - Jeff Graham

July 16th - Audrey Weitkamp

(By the way, the nestling period for Bald Eagles, as stated on All About Birds, can vary quite a bit. It is listed as 56 to 98 days. This implies to me that Tsuloss might just as well fledge in late July or even August.)

The only rules I can think of for this impromptu, prize-less contest are:

A) I plan to only publish the name associated with the first entry I receive for each date. I want to encourage the widest variety of dates as possible.

B) Practice hops do not count e.g. when the young eagle flaps, lifts up and then comes right back down in the nest.  Also branching - hopping from branch to branch - does not count. Tsuloss must leave the air space above the nest.

C) Falling does not count. Tsuloss must leave the nest and exhibit an ability to stay in the air. However, if you do see Tsuloss fall from the nest and land on the ground, especially if unable to fly, please call:

 Lynnwood PAWS at 425-787-2500

PAWS has rehabilitated and released 3 out of Tsuloss's 4 siblings during the last 2 years. (The fourth sibling did not require assistance.)

The following information may help you make a more accurate guess:

Eaglet Patrol - The post suggesting when Tsuloss might have hatched.

Tsuloss - The last eagle update.

By the way, Tsuloss is most easily seen with binoculars from the north side of Montlake Cut. The nest site is shown on this Union Bay Map.

My email address is: ldhubbell@comcast.net

Naming Update:

Apparently, there is more than one way to pronounce the number five in the Lushootseed language. Aaron Peterson sent in this interesting update. 

https://youtu.be/_yAmSHJZd14?t=20

Clicking Here will enable you to find the word for five and the link to the pronunciation guide, which I originally used. 

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Have a great day on Union Bay...where Black Birders are always welcome!

Black Lives Matter,

Larry

 

Going Native:

Without a well-funded Environmental Protection Agency, it falls to each of us to be ever more vigilant in protecting our local environments. Native plants and trees encourage the largest diversity of lifeforms because of their long intertwined history with our local environment and native creatures. I have been told that even the microbes in the soil are native to each local landscape. I hope we can inspire ourselves, our neighbors, and local businesses to respect native flora and to support native wildlife at every opportunity. I have learned that our most logical approach to native trees and plants (in order of priority) should be to:

1) Learn and leave established native flora undisturbed.

2) Remove invasive species and then wait to see if native plants begin to grow without assistance. (If natives plants start on their own, then these plants or trees are likely the most appropriate flora for the habitat.)

3) Scatter seeds from nearby native plants in a similar habitat.

4) If you feel you must add a new plant then select a native plant while considering how the plant fits with the specific habitat and understanding the plant's logical place in the normal succession of native plants.

My intention in my weekly post is to include at least one photo each week and visually challenge us to know the difference between native and non-native lifeforms. 

By the way, my friend Tom Brown pointed out that the application named 'Wildflower Search' is extremely helpful. Click on the highlighted link to see for yourself.

What species is this? Is it native to Western Washington?

 

Scroll down for the answer.

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Long-tailed Weasel: Surprisingly, this small, native predator was seen running down the street in front of my house and crossing (the very busy) 24th Avenue in Montlake - twice. This is the first time I ever remember seeing one. I have no doubt our current influx of rabbits has made Montlake a much more appealing location for weasels.

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The Email Challenge:

Over the years I have had many readers tell me that Google is no longer sending them email announcements regarding my posts. Even more frustrating when they go to 're-sign-up', hoping that will enable them to once again start receiving the announcements, they get a message which says 'Sorry, you are already signed up.' Google has not responded to my requests for help with this issue. 

My functional workaround is to set up my own email list and each week I manually send out a new post announcement. If you are experiencing the issue and would like to be added to my personal email list please send me an email requesting to be added. Thank you for your patience!

My email address is: LDHubbell@Comcast.Net

***************

Here is one more photo for those who read all the way to the end.

 Did you notice the black tip on the tail?

Owlets and the Art of Feather Maintenance

There are very few birds as confident (and competent) as a Barred Owl. 

A Bald Eagle is far larger and stronger but they will seldom sit and look you in the eye. (The post, Tsuloss, from two weeks ago provides an excellent example of how quickly a Bald Eagle retires from close proximity.)

I have no doubt that Barred Owls know humans cannot fly. They must also know humans can be dangerous, otherwise, they would just completely ignore us. To be honest, for the most part, this owl did ignore me. It flew my direction, landed, and checked me out, watched some smaller birds, and then headed back towards the family unit.

By the way, I do not believe its raised right 'eyebrow' is a look of curiosity. I have yet to see a Barred Owl photo where the right upper portion of the facial disk was not higher than the left. I suspect the lack of symmetry is correlated to their offset ear holes and a species-wide attribute. Hearing sounds from different heights enables them to pinpoint prey positions by sound as well as sight.

If I had not seen the owl's return flight, I might never have noticed its mate and one of their young in the top of a Big Leaf Maple tree. 

During the first month or two after a young owl leaves the nest, their primary occupation appears to be feather maintenance. This young owl still has bushy tufts of down around its tail and a partial covering on its back and head. Over time, one way or another, the down must go - whether it is pulled, plucked, or pushed out by more durable feathers.

These first few photos were taken last month in Interlaken Park.

When we think of feathers this is the first shape that comes to mind. In this case, this is a flight feather from an American Coot. Flight feathers (and tail feathers) are the largest and most easily recognized feathers on a bird's body. However, they are not the most common way in which we encounter feathers. We are far more likely to sleep with our heads on a pillow filled with down while warming ourselves with a down comforter. 

While this owl feather resembles down near the base, overall it is more similar to a contour feather e.g. the feathers we see covering a bird's body. The ends of contour feathers are exposed to the elements while the 'downy', insulating portion is covered by the tip of another contour feather. I spotted this feather near a young Barred Owl which explains why even the outer portion does not bind tightly together. A young owl's initial feathers are more about growing in quickly and providing warmth, e.g. loose and downy, rather than maximum protection from the elements.

By the way, in addition to legal requirements, Why should we leave feathers where we find them?  Because every feather left outdoors may become the critical lining in another bird's nest. On a cold stormy day, a single feather could be the difference between a young nestling expiring due to exposure or retaining adequate heat to survive. 

When a young Barred Owl leaves the nest they are still covered with downy feathers, their flight feathers are only partially developed and from what I have seen they are unable to fly.

 

I suspect this young owl, spotted last week in the Arboretum, has been out of the nest for a few weeks. One hint to its age is the length of its tail. (Another hint was watching it take flight.)

This photo from 2018 shows an upside-down owlet on the day it left the nest. I realize it is difficult to make out, it is clinging to a branch with one talon and grasping wildly with the closer one, while its fuzzy little 'tail' is pointed to the left. At this point, it has no normal-looking brown and white striped tail feathers.

When this young Barred Owl stretched, it exposed significant tail feather growth. You can also see it still has a clump of downy feathers on the leading edge of each wing. 

When we zoom in you can see some skinny almost 'wet-looking' feathers just below the downy clumps. These are new feathers that have only partially emerged from their sheaths. I suspect these will become coverts. Coverts are feathers that cover the attaching base portion of other, generally-larger feathers. If so, in this case, they will cover the base of the flight feathers and help create smooth, aerodynamic wings.

I never grow tired of watching an owlet stretch. The display of symmetrical feathering is always impressive even if not yet fully developed 

I do not understand is why the doors on cars, that open in an upward direction, are called gull-wing doors. I am sure gulls can raise their wings in a similar fashion, however, their wings are long and thin and do not resemble automobile doors. I guess from a marketing perspective the phrase 'owl-wing doors' does not have the right ring to it.

This young owl may not yet be able to catch its own prey but its predatory heritage is not in doubt. This close up also provides an interesting view of the downy-looking feathers.

The owl is stretching its leg while preening, which shows off its talon development.

When the young owl leaves the nest, even though it cannot fly, it can climb trees using its strong talons and its bill to hitch its way up. This is critical because if they were stuck on the ground raccoons, coyotes, and even family dogs could be threats.

Here, if you look closely, you can see a feather sliding through its bill. Even though I saw the owl preening and pulling at its feathers I did not see clouds of small feathers drifting to the ground. It would certainly be interesting to have a non-stop video of an owlet's first few months just to determine at what point(s) they lose these downy feathers.

The only thing cuter than a young Barred Owl is...

...two of them.

Once the tail feathers have begun to fill in the young owls start to look more mature, at least from the backside. Here the bird on the right is facing away from the camera while straightening some of its new tail feathers.

When the feather slides out of its bill the tail 'pops' back into position.

When I first saw these two owls they were not sitting side by side. One was facing me and the other was overhead with its tail feathers hanging down below the branch. Based on just the tail feathers, I initially thought the second owlet was an adult. However, when viewed side by side and facing me it was obvious they were both quite young.

Allopreening is when one bird cleans or preens the feathers of another. It is typically done around the head or neck - in areas the other bird cannot easily reach. Online information suggests allopreening may help strengthen the bond between mated pairs, reinforce the dominance of one bird over another, reduce stress between two birds, and of course improve cleanliness. 

Since Barred Owls are known to reuse the same nest site for multiple years infestations of feather lice, etc could potentially be an issue. Allopreening may be an evolutionary technique for removing parasites and helping to maintain their good health.

Pileated Woodpeckers take an opposite approach. They appear to never reuse a nest and never do allopreening. Bald Eagles, on the other hand, use nest sites for multiple years. However, they annually add a significant amount of material which may have a positive impact.

I have seen siblings doing this before and I have also watched adults preening their offspring. Barred Owls seem surprisingly social and caring within their family structures. One thing is for sure young Barred Owls have not heard about social distancing.

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A special Thank You to Kristen and Sarah. Both of you have provided me with multiple updates about our local Barred Owls which helped to make this post possible. Your love and affection for these creatures is not just commendable - it is highly inspiring. My most sincere, Thanks!

******************

Tsuloss Watch:

The young eagle in Monty and Marsha's nest continues to grow. Sometime in the next month or two, I expect Tsuloss will leave the nest. A number of readers have now sent in their guess for when Tsuloss will fledge.

If you would like to play along send me your name and the date when you hope or expect Tsuloss will leave the nest. 

July 1st - Barry Saver

July 2nd - Tyler Mangum

July 4th - Larry Hubbell
July 6th - Joe Clancy

July 8th - Cynthia Jones

July 9th - Lynne Kelly

July 10th - Lynn Adams

July 15th - Jeff Graham

July 16th - Audrey Weitkamp

(By the way, the nestling period for Bald Eagles, as stated on All About Birds, can vary quite a bit. It is listed as 56 to 98 days. This implies to me that Tsuloss might just as well fledge in late July or even August.)

The only rules I can think of for this impromptu, prize-less contest are:

A) I plan to only publish the first name I receive for each date. I want to encourage the widest variety of dates possible.

B) Practice hops do not count e.g. when the young eagle flaps, lifts up and then comes right back down in the nest.  Also branching - hopping from branch to branch - does not count. Tsuloss must leave the air space above the nest.

C) Falling does not count. Tsuloss must leave the nest and exhibit an ability to stay in the air. However, if you do see Tsuloss fall from the nest and land on the ground, especially if unable to fly, please call:

 Lynnwood PAWS at 425-787-2500

PAWS has rehabilitated and released 3 out of Tsuloss's 4 siblings during the last 2 years. (The fourth sibling did not require assistance.)

The following information may help you make a more accurate guess:

Eaglet Patrol - The post suggesting when Tsuloss might have hatched.

Tsuloss - The last eagle update.

By the way, Tsuloss is most easily seen with binoculars from the north side of Montlake Cut. The nest site is shown on this Union Bay Map.

My email address is: ldhubbell@comcast.net

************************

I sincerely wish good health, happiness, and peace to everyone around Union Bay. However, in particular, lets all work together to make sure Black Birders know they are always welcome in the Union Bay neighborhood. 

Black Lives Matter,

Larry

Going Native:

Without a well-funded Environmental Protection Agency, it falls to each of us to be ever more vigilant in protecting our local environments. Native plants and trees encourage the largest diversity of lifeforms because of their long intertwined history with our local environment and native creatures. I have been told that even the microbes in the soil are native to each local landscape. I hope we can inspire ourselves, our neighbors, and local businesses to respect native flora and to support native wildlife at every opportunity. I have learned that our most logical approach to native trees and plants (in order of priority) should be to:

1) Learn and leave established native flora undisturbed.

2) Remove invasive species and then wait to see if native plants begin to grow without assistance. (If natives plants start on their own, then these plants or trees are likely the most appropriate flora for the habitat.)

3) Scatter seeds from nearby native plants in a similar habitat.

4) If you feel you must add a new plant then select a native plant while considering how the plant fits with the specific habitat and understanding the plant's logical place in the normal succession of native plants.

My intention in my weekly post is to include at least one photo each week and visually challenge us to know the difference between native and non-native lifeforms. 

By the way, my friend Tom Brown pointed out that the application named 'Wildflower Search' is extremely helpful. Click on the highlighted link to see for yourself.

What species is this? Is it native to Western Washington?

Scroll down for the answer.

***************

Western Hemlock: It is native to the PNW and is in fact our state tree. The open cones are from a previous year while the closed green cones and the bright green needles, at the end of the branchlet, are from this year. 

***************

The Email Challenge:

Over the years I have had many readers tell me that Google is no longer sending them email announcements regarding my posts. Even more frustrating when they go to 're-sign-up', hoping that will enable them to once again start receiving the announcements, they get a message which says 'Sorry, you are already signed up.' Google has not responded to my requests for help with this issue. 

My functional workaround is to set up my own email list and each week I manually send out a new post announcement. If you are experiencing the issue and would like to be added to my personal email list please send me an email requesting to be added. Thank you for your patience!

My email address is: LDHubbell@Comcast.Net

***************

Here are a few more owlet photos...

 ...for those who read all the way to the end. 

Thank you!